Management of Salinity Issues in Iraq's Agricultural Sector Using SWOT Analysis

Abstract

Iraq's agricultural sector suffers from the salinity problem of agricultural land which reflects negatively on the production of field crops and agricultural land investment, particularly in the governorates geographically located in the sedimentary plain. The management of salinity problems facing by the agricultural sector has become crucial priorities for the Iraqi government. In this study, SWOT analysis was applied to suggest proper strategies that might be followed to solve the problem of salinity. After the internal and external factors have been identified, 17 strategies planning was developed. Internal-External Matrix (IE matrix) was used to select the appropriate type of strategy. Based on the results of Internal-External Matrix, government should consider the conservative strategies. Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) was also used in this study. By applying the QSPM, rearrangement of the proposed strategies has been made by importance and priority. The first three suggested strategies in term of importance and priority were establishment of the National Center for Agricultural Policy, investing in improved irrigation systems such sprinkler and drip irrigation and innovative agricultural technologies to control salinity are urgent. ‫اﻟﻌﺮاﻗ‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻗﻀﺎﯾﺎ‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺑﺄﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻲ‬ SWOT ‫اﻟ‬ :‫ﺨﻼﺻﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺮاق‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﺻﯿﻞ‬ ‫إﻧﺘﺎج‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺳﻠﺒﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﻌﻜﺲ‬ ‫ﻣﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻻراﺿﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﯿﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷراﺿﻲ‬ ‫واﺳﺘﺜﻤﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﺤﻘﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻮاﻗﻌﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻟﺮﺳﻮﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﮭﻞ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫إدارة‬ ‫أﺻﺒﺤﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ﯾﻮاﺟﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ‬ ‫ﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻷوﻟﻮﯾﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺎﺳﻤﺔ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ،‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ .‫اﻟﻌﺮاﻗﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ SWOT ‫ﻷﻗﺘﺮاح‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫اﺗﺒﺎﻋﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻠﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺸﻜﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺰراﻋﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬. ‫و‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ،‫واﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻮاﻣﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻄﻮﯾﺮ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻓﻘﺪ‬ 17 ‫أﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ‬. ‫اﻟ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫أﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﺖ‬ ‫ﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻀﻮﻣﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ‬ ‫اﻷﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺔ‬. ‫أظﮭﺮت‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨ‬ ‫ﻈ‬ ‫اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻮﻣﺔ‬-‫اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‬ ، ‫أﻧﮫ‬ ‫ﯾﻨﺒﻐﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺤﻜﻮﻣﺔ‬ ‫أن‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺒﻊ‬ ‫اﻻ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿﺎت‬ ‫اﻟ‬ .‫ﻤﺤﺎﻓﻈﺔ‬ ‫أﯾ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻀ‬ ‫ﻣﺼﻔﻮﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻤﻲ‬ ‫اﻻﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﻄﯿﻂ‬ (QSPM) ، ‫ﺣﯿﺚ‬ ‫أﻋﺎدة‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ‬ ‫اﻷ‬ ‫ﺳﺘﺮاﺗﯿﺠﯿ‬ ‫ﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻘﺘﺮﺣﺔ‬ ‫واﻷوﻟﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻷھﻤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺴﺐ‬ .