Molecular pathways underlying the pathogenesis of pancreatic α-cell dysfunction

Abstract

Glucagon plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis by counteracting insulin action, especially during hypoglycemia. Glucagon secretion from pancreatic α-cells is regulated by various mechanisms including glycemia, neural input, and secretion from neighboring β-cells. However, glucagon secretion is dysregulated in diabetic states, causing exacerbation of glycemic disorders. Recently, new therapeutic approaches targeting excess glucagon secretion are being explored for use in diabetes treatment. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of how glucagon secretion is regulated is critical for treating the α-cell dysfunction observed in diabetes. © Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2010.