Transplanted mesenchymal stem cells aid the injured brain through trophic support mechanisms

Abstract

Brain injury is a significant cause of death and permanent disability. Cell transplantation is a prospective treatment option because exogenous cells target a variety of pathological mechanisms in a sustained fashion and respond to injured brain tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source as they are relatively easy to obtain, expand and manipulate, and pose minimal safety concerns. While MSCs may be able to transdifferentiate into neural cells, they are not likely replacing lost cells. Rather, MSCs secrete a plethora of soluble and insoluble factors that aid the injured brain by promoting cell survival and regeneration. This chapter reviews the role of transplanted MSCs in providing trophic support following brain injury.