Comparison of Echocardiographic Diagnostic Criteria of Left Ventricular Noncompaction in a Pediatric Population

Abstract

Background: There is controversy regarding the best echocardiographic diagnostic criteria for left ventricular noncompaction (LVNC). We assessed the diagnostic utility and reproducibility of the previously proposed echocardiographic diagnostic criteria in a pediatric population using a segmental approach. Methods: Echocardiograms were matched for patients with and without a clinical diagnosis of LVNC. Blinded reviews of echocardiograms measured (1) depths of intertrabecular recesses (X/Y), (2) noncompaction-to-compaction ratio (NC/C), and (3) number of trabeculations, using a segmental approach. Measurements were analyzed for area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity. Results: There were 30 echocardiograms in the initial cohort (15 LVNC cases, 15 controls). Median age was 1.7 years (IQR 0.2–6.9 years) and systolic function was decreased in 40%. Comparison of diagnostic criteria demonstrated the best interrater agreement and AUC with an X/Y ratio measured in end-diastole in the parasternal short axis in the apical anterolateral segment (κ 0.72, CI 0.43–1.00, p value <0.001), yielding 100% sensitivity and 70–86% specificity, among readers. The least predictive and reproducible method was the NC/C ratio. A validation cohort confirmed the superiority of the X/Y ratio, although the interrater agreement and AUC decreased. Conclusion: Measurements according to existing LVNC diagnostic criteria vary by echocardiographic view and segment. Modification of the Chin et al. criteria (Circulation 82:507–513, 1990) using an X/Y ratio <0.5 had the greatest interrater reliability and predictive validity when measured in end-diastole in the parasternal short axis in the apical anterolateral segment. The NC/C ratio had the lowest reliability and predictive validity.