Improvement in All-Cause Mortality With Blood Pressure Control in a Group of US Veterans With Drug-Resistant Hypertension

Abstract

The current definition of drug-resistant hypertension includes patients with uncontrolled (URH) (taking ≥3 antihypertensive medications) and controlled hypertension (CRH; blood pressure [BP] ≤140/90 mm Hg) (taking ≥4 medications). The authors hypothesized that all-cause mortality is reduced when URH is controlled. Qualified patients followed at the Washington DC VA Medical Center were included. BPs were averaged for each year of follow-up. In 2006, among 2906 patients who met the criteria for drug-resistant hypertension, 628 had URH. During follow-up, 234 patients were controlled (group 1) and 394 patients remained uncontrolled (group 2). The mortality rate among patients with URH was 28% (110 of 394) and among patients with CRH was 13% (30 of 234), a 54% reduction (P < .01). Multivariate analysis identified independent predictors of mortality as uncontrolled HTN (hazard ratio, 2.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.67-3.75; P < .01), age (hazard ratio, 1.03; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-1.04; < .027). The authors conclude that controlling drug-resistant hypertension markedly reduces all-cause mortality. Copyright