Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics for Stem Cells Monitoring in Regenerative Medicine

Abstract

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that contain long-term potency for differentiation and self-renewal. There is a fine interest to know the mechanisms for stem cells behavior, and use their capacity in medicine researches, developmental and aging studies. In addition to growth factors and morphogens, multiple metabolic pathways take part in the stem cell fate regulation. In current chapter we aim to discuss about stem cell metabolomics such as the ways to maintain stem cell in proliferation and quiescence mood in the hypoxic and normoxic niche. We then describe the mechanisms by which stem cells retain their multipotency properties. Several mechanisms such as oxidative stress which involve in aging reviewed below to explain the decrease in stem cells numbers and function. Then we will go to discuss about the genomics of stem cells. The regulatory genome is significantly important in maintaining pluripotency, therefore scientists attempt to find other components that involved in stem cells differentiation or maintaining self-renewal. We will then explain the specific features of the genomics of IPCs and ESCs. The present work aimed to use the newest genetic engineering techniques combined with in vitro and in vivo imaging applications to realize the full translational potential of hESCs and iPSCs.