How war in Ukraine is affecting the climate

Abstract

We analyse the main climatic impacts of military action; their scale and significance, the possibilities and practicalities of mitigating some of them, and the application of individual solutions based on international experience. Our objective is to assess the vector of the impact of military operations in Ukraine on the climate in terms of components, scale and level of danger and then consider effective solutions. In the light of international experience and the priority areas of post-war ecological restoration, we proffer practical proposals for post-war recovery.