Exploration of Chlorella sp. as antibacterial to Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans biofilm

Abstract

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is a facultative anaerobic gram-negative, which is major pathogenic bacteria cause of aggressive periodontitis that has the ability to form biofilm. The therapy of aggressive periodontitis has been done with tetracycline antibiotics, meanwhile it may cause resistance problem. Chlorella sp. has antimicrobial activity against the anaerobic gram-negative bacteria as an adjunctive therapy of aggressive periodontitis. Purpose: This study aimed to determine the antibacterial potency of various concentrations of Chlorella sp. to A actinomycetemcomitans biofilm. Method: The antibacterial potency of Chlorella sp. to A actinomycetemcomitans were examined by biofilm test, divided into 5 groups, each group consisted of 4 samples. The control groups were: K-(aquadest), K+ (tetracycline), and treatment groups were given Chlorella sp. in various concentrations: P1 (0.625%), P2 (1.25%), and P3 (2.5%). The inhibition of biofilm formation were examined on microtiter plate by measure its Optical Density (OD) value on ELISA Reader. Data were analyzed using One Way ANOVA followed by LSD test. Result: Treatment with Chlorella sp in all treatment groups decreased the OD value, as well with tetracycline (p<0.05). The decrease in OD values indicated that more biofilms were inhibited due to its antibacterial potency. Treatment with 2.5% of Chlorella sp. showed the greatest biofilm inhibition among the treatment groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Chlorella sp. extract has antibacterial potency against A actinomycetemcomitans biofilm.