APLIKASI MULSA JERAMI DAN PUPUK HAYATI MIKORIZA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PADI BERAS HITAM SISTEM AEROBIK

Abstract

ABSTRAKTeknik budidaya padi sistem irigasi aerobik pada bedeng sangat signifikan meningkatkan hasil gabah terutama jika disertai pupuk hayati mikoriza. Permasalahannya adalah cepatnya pertumbuhan gulma sehingga harus sering dilakukan penyiangan selama fase vegetatif tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh mulsa jerami dan pupuk hayati mikoriza terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil beberapa galur harapan padi beras hitam pada bedeng dengan sistem irigasi aerobik. Percobaan dilaksanakan di sawah Desa Ombe Baru, Kabupaten Lombok Barat, NTB pada bulan Mei-September 2020 menurut Split Split-Plot design dengan tiga blok dan tiga faktor perlakuan yaitu galur padi (G3 dan G9) sebagai petak utama, mulsa jerami (J0= tanpa mulsa jerami, J1= dengan mulsa jerami) sebagai anak petak, dan pupuk hayati mikoriza (M0= tanpa mikoriza, M1= dengan mikoriza) sebagai anak-anak petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa galur tidak berpengaruh terhadap semua variabel pengamatan, sedangkan aplikasi mulsa jerami dan pupuk hayati mikoriza signifikan meningkatkan beberapa variabel pertumbuhan dan hasil gabah. Galur G9 lebih responsif terhadap mulsa jerami dan pupuk hayati mikoriza dibandingkan G3 dalam meningkatkan jumlah anakan dan jumlah malai. Sementara itu G3 lebih responsif terhadap mulsa jerami dan mikoriza dalam meningkatkan jumlah gabah berisi/malai. Aplikasi mulsa jerami menghasilkan gabah yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanpa mulsa jerami, yaitu berturut-turut 46,98 g/rumpun dan 36,89 g/rumpun. Pupuk hayati mikoriza menghasilkan gabah lebih tinggi dibanding tanpa pemberian pupuk hayati, yang berturut-turut adalah 46,94 g/rumpun dan 36,94 g/rumpun. ABSTRACTRice cultivation techniques using aerobic irrigation systems on raised beds significantly increase grain yield, especially when accompanied by the application of mycorrhizal biofertilizers. The problem is the fast growth of weeds, so frequent weeding must be done during the vegetative phase of the rice plant. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of straw mulch and mycorrhizal biofertilizer on the growth and yield of several promising strain of black rice on beds with an aerobic irrigation system. The experiment was conducted in the ricefields of Ombe Baru Village, West Lombok Regency, NTB in May-September 2020 which was arranged according to Split Split-Plot design with three blocks and three treatment factors, namely rice strain (G3 and G9) as main plots, straw mulch (J0= without straw mulch, J1= with straw mulch) as sub-plots, and mycorrhiza biofertilizer application (M0= without mycorrhiza, M1= with mycorrhiza) as sub-sub-plots. The results showed that the strain factor had no effect on all observed variables, while the application of straw mulch and mycorrhizal biofertilizer significantly increased several growth variables and grain yields. There was an interaction effect between treatment factors, which indicated that the G9 strain was more responsive to the straw mulch and mycorrhizal biofertilizers than G3 in increasing the number of tillers and panicles. Meanwhile, G3 strain was more responsive to the application of straw mulch and mycorrhizae in increasing the number of filled grains per panicle. The application of straw mulch produced grain with a higher average than without straw mulch, namely 46.98 g/clump and 36.89 g/clump, respectively. Mycorrhizal biofertilizers produced higher grain yields than those without biofertilizers, which were 46.94 g/clump and 36.94 g/clump, respectively.