Renal function and fluid homeostasis

Abstract

Hypoxia can directly affect the kidneys, but more importantly, its effects on systemic acid-base balance, ventilation, neuroendocrine reflexes, and hemodynamics all play a far greater part in altering renal function and fluid balance. Acute and chronic effects of hypoxia and their magnitude may differ and these will be highlighted. These changes will be related to the common diseases of high altitude and to their impact on patients with chronic renal disease. Other features of high altitude separate from hypoxia, either alone or in combination, including hypobaria, exercise, and cold may also significantly perturb renal function.