Socio-environmental impacts and development donceptions in the BR-386 duplication process on the indigenous land Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, in Estrela, Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil

Abstract

The Kaingang, from the ethno-linguistic point of view, belong to the Jê family and together with the Xokleng, constitute the Southern Jê peoples. Delimiting as a space cutout the Jamã Tÿ Tãnh Indigenous Land, located in territories of the Taquari-Antas Hydrographic Basin, in Rio Grande do Sul / BR. This study aims to analyze the social and environmental impacts resulting from the implementation of the duplication project of the BR-386 highway, pointing for the unfolding of this project with regard to the socio political articulation of indigenous leaderships and the Kaingang conception of development. It is a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research. Among the methodological procedures, we highlight the literature review on the Kaingang peoples, the survey and analysis of documentary sources found at the Federal Public Prosecutor's Office of Lajeado, a field research in the Indigenous Land of Jamã Tÿ Tãnh, with the elaboration of diaries, photographic records and interviews based on Oral History methodology. It was verified the strong political articulation of the Indigenous Lands located in territories of the Taquari-Antas, Caí, Sinos and Lago Guaíba Hydrographic Basin, impacted directly or indirectly by the duplication of the BR-386, and it was evidenced that the main impacts resulting from the entrepreneurship are related to the exercise of traditional knowledge, to the sustainability of the group and to the expropriation of part of the occupied land area. To the Kaingang, development refers to the freedom to experience cultural practices.