Fouling and Cleaning in Osmotically Driven Membranes

Abstract

Various studies have shown that recycled aggregate (RA) can be used to make new concrete. However, in the same way as with natural aggregate (NA), RA also needs to be assessed in terms of grain-size distribution, absorption, abrasion, etc., for it to comply with national standards. In order to evaluate the use of RA, standards and guidelines from 16 countries have been analyzed and compared to determine the most important quality criteria for the physical and mechanical properties of concrete. The results of this analysis have led to the proposal of the set of recommendations included in this chapter.