Manipulation-resistant reputations using hitting time

Abstract

Popular reputation systems for linked networks can be manipulated by spammers who strategically place links. The reputation of node v is interpreted as the world's opinion of v's importance. In PageRank [4], u's own opinion can be seen to have considerable influence on her reputation, where v expresses a high opinion of herself by participating in short directed cycles. In contrast, we show that expected hitting time - the time to reach v in a random walk - measures essentially the same quantity as PageRank, but excludes v's opinion. We make these notions precise, and show that a reputation system based on hitting time resists tampering by individuals or groups who strategically place outlinks. We also present an algorithm to efficiently compute hitting time for all nodes in a massive graph; conventional algorithms do not scale adequately. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 12007.