Ecobiotechnology in the process of industrial wastewater treatment of the closed mining enterprise as a guarantee of environment safety

Abstract

The report presents the results of long-term studies of the problem of ecological and chemical assessment of the impact of mineral processing waste in the form of pulp on the ecosphere, including aquatic ecosystems, and the development of bioengineering technologies (bioremediation) aimed at reducing their negative impact on the environment in the Primorsky territory. In the last century at the concentrating plant of the closed Khrustalnensky GOK mining enterprise a chemical method was used to treat industrial wastewater, a degree of which was no more than 75%. It is shown that pollutants discharged into water bodies after chemical treatment, which have a general toxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic effect, still pose a great threat to the ecological balance of natural systems. The studies show that there was intense pollution of ground and surface water, soil and vegetation, exceeding the regional background indicators up to 9 or more times within the boundaries of the anthropogenic system impact. Therefore, in the study area it is necessary to ensure environmental and social safety of industrial effluents by improving their treatment technology. In this regard, the aim of the research was not only to assess the extent of the negative impact of beneficiation mineral toxic wastes in the form of pulp to the ecosphere, but also in the development of ecologically safe biotechnological method of purification industrial wastewater by biodegradation, biooxidation and biosorption from solutions using the metabolic potential of biological systems (hydrophytic plants). Based on the purpose, the following tasks are defined: 1. To analyze and summarize the literature on the problem of industrial wastewater treatment using biological methods; 2. To study the composition and properties of industrial wastewater in the form of pulp and assess their impact on the environment; 3. To investigate ecological and biological features of little Duckweed as a possible concentrator of heavy metal compounds; 4. To develop a biotechnological solution for industrial wastewater treatment using bioremediation (higher aquatic vegetation, Duckweed). Experimental studies have proved the effectiveness of the biological systems metabolic potential (little Duckweed) to ensure the normative quality of treated wastewater by the example of a closed mining enterprise in the Primorsky territory (Khrustalnensky GOK). The scientific novelty of the proposed method is confirmed by a Patent of the Russian Federation (2014).