Environmental Aspects of Air Transport

Abstract

This chapter introduces environmental impacts of aviation. Starting with principle considerations, major emphasis is given to explain the physical effects of CO2, NO x , and contrails. Further, measurement methods to classify the environmental compatibility of engines are introduced including measures to improve the environmental compatibility. Aircraft noise as another major aspect is considered starting with a physical and mathematical explanation. Also, various sound metrices are introduced to provide an understanding of the sound impact. Regulatory requirements as well as measurement methods and criteria are discussed. Lastly, measures to reduce noise sources are discussed.