Methods for Determination of Pesticides and Fate of Pesticides in the Fields

Abstract

Actually, the globalization with the high industrialization and development has a high impact on diverse sector, such as agricultural, livestock, urban development, and public health. It is of high concern, because of the uncontrolled use and application of carcinogenic pesticides. Several modern extraction techniques have been developed and may be divided into two groups: fluid-phase partitioning methods and sorptive and membrane-based extraction methods. The selection of the extraction method is done based on the type of pesticide (physicochemical properties) and the matrix sample. The most popular in the last year were microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), liquid–liquid partitioning, solid-phase extraction (SPE), solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME), and membrane extraction techniques. The last step in the method to select the pesticides analysis, when you know the chemical and physicochemical properties, the matrix sample and the extraction method, you can select the method of determination. In this chapter, we will focus on the analysis by chromatographic methods. The chromatographic methods used in pesticide analysis were divided into two groups: gas chromatography and liquid chromatography. The first of them has been proved to be a largely used, most versatile, and sensitive, coupled with high-selectivity and sensitivity detectors such as electron capture detector (ECD), mass spectrometry (MS), MS/MS, and nitrogen–phosphorus detector (NPD).