Insiden Malaria di Puskesmas Sungai Durian dan Puskesmas Talawi Kota Sawahlunto Bulan Oktober 2011 sampai Februari 2012

  • Dwithania M
  • Irawati N
  • Rasyid R
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Abstract

AbstrakMalaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan dunia, termasuk Indonesia karena angka kesakitan dan kematian akibat penyakit ini cukup tinggi. Tingginya insiden malaria pada suatu daerah dapat dipengaruhi oleh parasit, hospes, dan vektor. Sawahlunto sebagai suatu daerah perbukitan memiliki risiko tinggi untuk penyebaran dan penularan penyakit malaria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui insiden dan distribusi malaria menurut spesies parasit penyebab malaria, derajat infeksi berdasarkan hitung parasit, umur, dan jenis kelamin penderita. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap pasien dengan gejala klinis malaria yang berobat ke Puskesmas Sungai Durian dan Puskesmas Talawi dari Oktober 2011 sampai Februari 2012. Data diperoleh dengan pemeriksaan secara mikroskopik sediaan darah tebal dan sediaan darah tipis dari sampel darah tepi yang telah dipulas dengan pewarnaan Giemsa. Hasil penelitian dari 312 sampel terdapat 13 sediaan darah positif malaria. Parasit penyebab malaria yang ditemukan adalah Plasmodium vivax (76,92%), Plasmodium falciparum (15,38%) dan Plasmodium malariae (7,69%). Berdasarkan distribusi derajat infeksi (hitung parasit), semua sampel merupakan infeksi ringan (100%) dan frekuensi tertinggi ditemukan pada umur ≥15 tahun (61,54%) dan jenis kelamin laki-laki (53,85%). Insiden malaria di Puskesmas Sungai Durian dan Puskesmas Talawi dominan disebabkan Plasmodium vivax, semua kasus tergolong infeksi ringan, sedangkan distribusi penderita terbanyak pada umur ≥15 tahun dan jenis kelamin laki-laki. Penelitian ini menunjukkan penurunan kasus dari tahun sebelumnya.Kata kunci: Plasmodium, Anopheles, malariaAbstractMalaria is still a global health problem, including in Indonesia due to its high morbidity and mortality. The high incidence of malaria in an area can be influenced by the parasites, hospes, and vectors. Sawahlunto as an area that is surrounded with many hills has a high risk for the spreading and transmission of malaria. The purpose of this study is to determine the incidence and distribution by species of malaria parasite that causes malaria, the degree of infection by the parasite count in positive malaria preparations, age, and sex of the patients. The research was done to the patients who came to the Sungai Durian and Talawi Public Health Center in October 2011 to February 2012. The data was obtained by microscopic examination of thick and thin blood preparations from peripheral blood samples that had been daubed with Giemsa staining. From 312 samples, there were 13 positive malaria blood preparations. This study found the parasites that caused malaria are P.vivax (76.92%), P.falciparum (15.38%) and P.malariae (7.69%). Based on the distribution of parasite count, age and sex of patients, all of the samples are a mild infections (100%) and the highest frequency was found at age the ≥ 15 years old (61.54%) and in male (53.85%). Most of incidence of malaria at Sungai Durian and Talawi Public Health Center in October 2011 to February 2012 were caused by P.vivax, all cases were classified as mild infection degrees, the highest frequency of malaria parasite was found at age ≥ 15 years old and according to the sex, most found in male. This study showed decrease cases from the previous year.Keywords: Plasmodium, Anopheles, malaria

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APA

Dwithania, M., Irawati, N., & Rasyid, R. (2013). Insiden Malaria di Puskesmas Sungai Durian dan Puskesmas Talawi Kota Sawahlunto Bulan Oktober 2011 sampai Februari 2012. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 2(2), 76. https://doi.org/10.25077/jka.v2i2.124

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