Morphophysiological responses, heavy metal accumulation and phytoremoval ability in four willow clones exposed to cadmium under hydroponics

Abstract

Anthropogenic activities have been fundamental for the development of modern societies. However, they have resulted in the increase of environmental pollution which is a serious worldwide problem. Although phytoremediation has emerged as an attractive methodology to deal with contaminants, mainly present in water and soil, there are still some drawbacks to become a widely used practice, such as the problem of soils with diffuse mixed pollution (inorganic and organic). A useful strategy to overcome current limitations of phytoremediation is the use of genetically engineered plants. In this chapter we will discuss the most recent advances which use genetic engineering tools for enhancing phytoremediation of inorganic and organic pollutants. Advantages as well as disadvantages of using transgenic plants will also be discussed. In spite of the controversial aspects of field applications, efforts to minimize risks and reach public acceptance are very significant since the potential and usefulness of phytotechnologies are of great importance to clean up the environment.