EVALUATION OF SEMI-FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE

Abstract

This study aims at characterization and design new special type of asphalt mixture having lower asphalt content and higher rutting resistance to be used in paving surface layers at heavy loads areas. To achieve this objective, grouting technique of permeable open graded asphalt mixtures was used. Such type of pavement is called as a semi-flexible pavement (SFP) or grouted macadam (GM). Different compaction efforts were used to achieve the required percent of connected air voids between the bitumen coated aggregates. Crushed silica limestone, crushed sand, and filler were used to prepare highly permeable asphalt mixtures. Asphalt contents of these mixes were determined theoretically and It was ostensibly examined by the laboratory. Marshall molds representing open graded mixtures were prepared and grouted using a grout composed of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) as well as a mixture of some concrete additives with different ratios. Choosing the suitable grout mixture depended on the flow time, flexural and compressive strengths for lab-produced grout prisms. Measuring Marshall stability, Marshall flow, and indirect tensile strength test were conducted on grouted asphalt mixes to identify their properties. The same tests were conducted on crushed silica limestone open graded mix of 2C gradation (Egyptian Standards for Roads) for comparison purposes. Analyzing the study results, positive effect of grouting open graded mixes was concluded using a mixture of OPC, fine sand, silica fume and superplasticizer. The required bitumen content for surface layers was decreased by percent between 27% to 37% compared with traditional dense asphalt mixtures. The resistance of rutting for grouted mixes was increased through increasing stability and indirect tensile strength by about 3 times and more compared with traditional open asphalt mixtures. * ‫اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ‬ ‫اﻻﻟﯿﻜﺘﺮوﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﯾﺪ‬ : ‫اﻟﻤﻠﺨﺺ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺧﺎص‬ ‫ﻧﻮع‬ ‫وﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ھﺬه‬ ‫ﺗﮭﺪف‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻔﻠﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫أﻗﻞ‬ ‫أﺳﻔﻠﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻨﺎطﻖ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﻒ‬ ‫طﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻜﺴﺮ‬. ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﺪف‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺤﻘﯿﻖ‬ EVALUATION OF SEMI-FLEXIBLE PAVEMENT PERFORMANCE JAUES, 15, 54, 2020 101 ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﺣﻘﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻨﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻔﻠﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺬة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬. ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺪام‬ ‫أو‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺮن‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺮﺻﻒ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﻒ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻮع‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫وﯾﺴﻤﻲ‬. ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫دﻣﻚ‬ ‫ﺟﮭﻮد‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺌﻮﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫ﺣﺒﯿﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻐﻄﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻛﺎم‬. ‫ﺧﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻹﻋﺪاد‬ ‫واﻟﺒﻮدرة‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻨﻔﺎذﯾﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺎﻟﯿﺔ‬. ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻌ‬ ‫ظﺎھﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﺤﺼﮫ‬ ‫وﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻧﻈﺮﯾﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻼزم‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮي‬ ‫ﺗﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﻤﻞ‬. ‫ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل‬ ‫ﻗﻮاﻟﺐ‬ ‫إﻋﺪاد‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻣﺰﯾﺞ‬ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫وﺣﻘﻨﮭﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺘﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺜﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺐ‬ ‫اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻹﺿﺎﻓﺎت‬ ‫ﺑﻌﺾ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬. ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺘﺪﻓﻖ‬ ‫وﻗﺖ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﺑﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬ ‫وﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ‬ ‫واﻟﻀﻐﻂ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺤﻨﺎء‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻌﻤﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻨﺘﺠﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻤﻨﺸﻮرات‬. ‫واﺧﺘﺒﺎر‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل‬ ‫وإﻧﺴﯿﺎب‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻗﯿﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫وﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺼﮭﺎ‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮن‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬. ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫اﻻﺧﺘﺒﺎرات‬ ‫ﻧﻔﺲ‬ ‫إﺟﺮاء‬ ‫ﺗﻢ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺪرج‬ ‫ذات‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺴﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﺴﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺠﯿﺮي‬ ‫اﻟﺤﺠﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪرج‬ ٢ ‫ج‬) ‫اﻟﻤﻮاﺻﻔﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺮق‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮﯾﺔ‬ (‫اﻟﻤﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻷﻏﺮاض‬. ‫ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ‬ ‫وﻋﻨﺪ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﯿﻂ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬ ‫ﻣﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺪرﺟﺔ‬ ‫ﺧﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻟﺤﻘﻦ‬ ‫اﻹﯾﺠﺎﺑﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬ ‫ﻟﻮﺣﻆ‬ ‫اﻟﺪراﺳﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻮﺑﺮﺑﻼﺳﺘﯿﺰر‬ ‫وﻣﺎدة‬ ، ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﻜﺎ‬ ‫وﻏﺒﺎر‬ ‫اﻟﻨﺎﻋﻢ‬ ‫واﻟﺮﻣﻞ‬. ‫ﺑﻨﺴﺒﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺴﻄﺤﯿﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﻄﺒﻘﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫اﻟﺒﯿﺘﻮﻣﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮى‬ ‫اﻧﺨﻔﺾ‬ ‫ﻛﻤﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﯿﻦ‬ ‫ﺗﺘﺮاوح‬ ٢٧ ‫إﻟﻰ‬ ٪ ٣٧ ‫ﺑﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ٪ ‫اﻹﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﺜﯿﻔﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ‬. ‫ﻣﻦ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮﻧﺔ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺪد‬ ‫ﺣﺪوث‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫وزادت‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎدل‬ ‫ﺑﻤﺎ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺒﺎﺷﺮ‬ ‫ﻏﯿﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺸﺪ‬ ‫وﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺜﺒﺎت‬ ‫زﯾﺎدة‬ ‫ﺧﻼل‬ ٣ ‫ﺑﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺔ‬ ‫وأﻛﺜﺮ‬ ‫ﻣﺮات‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻔﻠﺖ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﺪﯾﺔ‬. ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﺎﺣﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻜﻠﻤﺎت‬ : ‫اﻟﻤﺮن‬ ‫ﺷﺒﮫ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﺻﻒ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﺤﻘﻮن‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻜﺪام‬ ، ‫اﻟﺨﻠﻄﺎت‬ ‫اﻹﺳﻔﻠﺘﯿﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻤﻔﺘﻮﺣﺔ‬ ، ‫اﻟﻌﺎدي‬ ‫اﻟﺒﻮرﺗﻼﻧﺪي‬ ‫اﻷﺳﻤﻨﺖ‬ ، ‫اﻟﺴﯿﻠﯿﻜﺎ‬ ‫ﻏﺒﺎر‬ ، ‫اﻟﻤﺘﻄﺎﯾﺮ‬ ‫اﻟﺮﻣﺎد‬ ، ‫ﻣﺎرﺷﺎل‬ ‫ﺛﺒﺎت‬ .