Spatial-temporal evolution of the unique preserved meandering system in central Europe

Abstract

Rivers are naturally dynamic over time and space and respond to the variability of water and sediment inputs and to anthropogenic pressures that cause changes to the river’s shape and form. The present form of river channels is influenced by past events. It is impossible to perform landscape studies without quality aerial or satellite images. UAVs (Unmanned Aerial Vehicles) enable experts to acquire detailed images at low cost. To make informed decisions, it is necessary to have an extensive methodology that ensures the correct use of all components of the system. This study describes the evolution of part of the Morava River and the Kenický meander in the Litovelské Pomoraví protected area near the city of Olomouc. The research describes the historical development of the study area using aerial images. Long-term measurements and imaging using UAV technologies have allowed a large amount of information to be collected. This information was used to study the Kenický meander and the Morava River. Significant shifts in the banks have occurred in the past and generated the Kenický meander. A significant event occurred in the spring of 2012, when high water levels were caused by a rupture of a meander. The flow of water was monitored in the Kenický wood accumulation, which formed in the Kenický meander, before and after the rupture. Monitoring the movement of wood in the river basin is particularly important because the movement of ice in the winter can cause blockage of the channel and subsequent flooding of water over the banks and into the surrounding communities.