Prevalence of diabetic foot and its risk factors in the State of Espirito Santo, Brazil

Abstract

Introduction: Diabetic Foot (DF) is the leading cause of non-traumatic amputations in Western countries, causing death or physical and mental disability, poor quality of life and high cost to society. Objetive: To analyze the prevalence of DF and related risk factors in the diabetic population residing in Espírito Santo State, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study with time series design, using secondary data on morbidity of individuals with DF living in the State of Espírito Santo, registered and followed by the Hypertensive and Diabetic Registration and Monitoring System. Results: From 64,196 diabetic patients, 3.9% had Type 1 DM, 10.9% Type 2 DM and 85.2% had hypertension. The prevalence of DF was 2.9% in type 1 DM, 3.3% in type 2 DM and 4.5% in DM with hypertension. Higher rates of DF were observed in males, aged over 60 years in type 1 and type 2 DM, and up to 19 years in DM with hypertension, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI), stroke and Cronic Kidney disease (CKD). In overweight individuals, the prevalence of DF was higher only in type 1 DM. There was a significant association in all variables except overweight in both types of DM, sedentary lifestyle and stroke in type 1 DM. Conclusion: Findings showed important prevalence of DF, with higher concentration in men older than 60 years, on smoking, sedentary lifestyle, AMI, stroke and CKD, with significant statistical association in the analized variables, except for overweight in both types of DM, as well as sedentary lifestyle and stroke in type 1 DM.