Depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets: A cross-sectional study in Japan

Abstract

Objective To determine the presence and predictors of depression and anxiety in pet owners after a diagnosis of cancer in their pets. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting A veterinary medical centre specialised in oncology for dogs and cats and two primary veterinary clinics in Japan. Participants The participants for analysis were 99 owners of a pet with cancer diagnosis received in the past 1-3 weeks and 94 owners of a healthy pet. Main outcome measures Self-reported questionnaires were used to assess depression and anxiety. Depression was assessed using the Center of Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, and anxiety was measured by using the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-Form JYZ. Results Depression scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders (p<0.001). Within the owners of a pet with cancer, depression was significantly more common in those who were employed than those who were unemployed (p=0.048). State anxiety scores were significantly higher in owners of a pet with cancer than owners of a healthy pet, even after adjustment for potential confounders, including trait-anxiety scores (p<0.001). Furthermore, in owners of a pet with cancer, state anxiety was higher in owners with high trait anxiety (p<0.001) and in owners whose pets had a poor prognosis (p=0.027). Conclusion The results indicate that some owners tended to become depressed and anxious after their pets had received a diagnosis of cancer. Employment may be a predictor of depression. High trait anxiety and a pet with a poor prognosis may increase owners' state anxiety. Including the pet in a family genogram and attention to the pet's health condition may be important considerations for family practice.