Serum level of visfatin can reflect the severity of inflammation in patients with acute cholecystitis

Abstract

Purpose: Visfatin is a key cytokine released from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) as well as adipose tissue, and it is involved in immune response as well as inflammation. In this study, we investigated whether the serum visfatin level could be a prognostic factor for predicting the severity of inflammation in patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods: We examined the blood samples and gallbladder specimens from patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for either acute (n = 18) or chronic cholecystitis (n = 18). We determined the visfatin levels of these samples using various procedures such as real-time polymerase chain reaction, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, western blotting, and immunohistochemistry. Results: The patients with acute cholecystitis exhibited higher mRNA expression of visfatin in PBMCs, higher serum levels of visfatin, and increased protein expression of visfatin in the gallbladder specimens than in patients with chronic cholecystitis. In the in vitro model of acute cholecystitis, the mRNA expression of visfatin showed the fastest increase among the other pro-inflammatory mediators studied, including interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, intracellular adhesion molecule-1, and ascular cell adhesion molecule-1. Inhibition of visfatin using siRNA abrogated the inhibitory effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the expression of ABCG1 in GBECs, suggesting that visfatin is significantly involved in the LPS-driven suppression of ABCG1. Conclusion: Taken together, we concluded that visfatin is a pro-inflammatory mediators that is upregulated during acute cholecystitis and is expected to be increased within a short time after inflammation. Therefore, measuring the serum level of visfatin would be helpful in predicting the inflammatory severity in the patients with acute cholecystitis.