Nano-characterization of a nafion thin film in air and in water by atomic force microscopy

Abstract

Surface structures of nafion films under various conditions were studied using an atomic force microscope (AFM). First, we observed that nanosize pores formed on a nafion film surface when the film was prepared on a glass substrate; however, such pores did not appear on a metal surface. Second, in the case of a hybrid film of nafion and platinum/carbon (Pt/C), the surface morphology in water was different from that of a pure nafion film; however, it was not significantly different from that in air. Third, nanosize cracks appeared when a nafion film was heated at around 100 °C. Last, the effect of hydration on AFM nanolithography in liquids is discussed. © 2007 IOP Publishing Ltd.