Stereotactic Robots

Abstract

The history of neurosurgery has repeatedly demonstrated that technological innovation begets further innovation. Robotic systems have been integrated into neurosurgical practice and can help carry out a wide range of procedures, including stereotactic biopsies and implantation of deep brain stimulation, responsive neurostimulation, or stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) leads, with excellent clinical outcomes demonstrated. The use of robots in neurosurgical procedures offers many benefits, and inherent limitations, for both the patient and the surgeon. In this chapter, we outline the stereotactic and functional procedures that are currently being performed with the assistance of robots, the various robotic systems available and their capabilities, and the different considerations that need to be taken into account when using robots in the operating room. The goal is to empower surgeons to incorporate robotic systems into their practice when appropriate, broadening the techniques and options available for the field of stereotactic and functional neurosurgery.