Catheters used for intermittent catheterization

Abstract

Bladder emptying is controlled by the autonomic nervous system and micturition centers in the brain. Any disruption of the nerve pathways can lead to difficulty emptying the bladder (Nazarko. Br J Community Nurs 17(9):408-12, 2012 and Newman DK, Wein. Managing and treating urinary incontinence. 2Nd ed. Baltimore, MD: Health Professions Press; 2009). Intermittent catheterization is the insertion of a tube several times a day to drain the bladder. Re-catheterization occurs on a scheduled basis to mimic bladder function of filling and emptying. Intermittent catheterization is a preferred bladder management technique for persons with urinary retention, bladder obstruction, catheterizable channel following a urinary diversion, neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction from disorders that cause a loss of sensation requiring assisted bladder emptying. Individual sterile single-use catheters and catheter included kits, usually with self-contained collection bags may be used. Newer catheter materials, designed for ease and comfort, have helped to improve the quality of life of those who depend on intermittent catheterization for bladder management. Patient choice and ease of use are major considerations in the process of catheter selection. Other important factors include patient lifestyle, hand function, and caregiver abilities. Prevention of catheter-associated urinary tract infection requires an understanding of multiple factors related to neuroanatomy, bladder function, management approaches, and medical options.