PENGARUH KALSIUM DAN VITAMIN C DALAM ABSORPSI ZAT BESI DAN KAITANNYA DENGAN ANEMIA PADA IBU HAMIL DAN KEJADIAN STUNTING : SISTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Low hemoglobin levels cause anemia in pregnancy. Influencing factors such as iron, vitamin C as an iron enhancer, and calcium as an iron inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of intake of iron, calcium, and vitamin C on hemoglobin levels of pregnant women as one of the factors causing stunting. This study uses a systematic review approach. Literature search used electronic databases, namely PubMed, Garuda, Google Scholar, and Wiley Online Library, and with keywords: intake of iron, calcium, vitamin C, hemoglobin levels, and pregnant women. Original article sources from main sources with full text, published in Indonesian and/or English in the last ten years. Variables in articles: effect of intake of iron, calcium, and articles on hemoglobin levels and pregnant women. From 113 articles that founded, 10 articles were obtained fulfilling the criteria and then were identified. Iron intake increased the hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. This is because vitamin C is a supporting factor for iron absorption. Iron intake consumed with vitamin C is more effective in increasing hemoglobin levels. Meanwhile, calcium is a factor inhibiting iron absorption, and calcium reduces hemoglobin levels in pregnant women. The intake of iron, calcium, and vitamin C significantly affects the hemoglobin levels of pregnant women. Reducing the amount of hemoglobin in the blood of pregnant women will get anemia and make one of the factors causing stunting.