Quality of life in elderly people with diabetes mellitus and systemic arterial hypertension

Abstract

Abstract Background: Systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are grievances that are sensitive to the measures of promotion and prevention; however, they interfere with the quality of life (QL). Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the QL in elderly people with SAH and DM and compare their impact on the QL of these groups. Method: It was used as a methodology a sectional, domiciliary-based study in which the data were collected using a questionnaire with sociodemographic information, clinical and QL, through the WhoQol-Bref and analyzed in the SPSS software. Results: A total of 498 elderly people were evaluated, of whom 9.64% had DM, 53.21% had SAH, and 37.15% had both diseases. The majority were women (66.9%), from 60 to 69 years old (49.4%), mixed race (61.6%), from 9 to 11 years of study (53%), family budget under two minimum wages (48.6%), married (52.8%), and using five or more medications (18.9%). There was a difference among the groups (SAH, QL, or both) in the physical domain (p=0.003) and in the social relationships (p=0.017). In the physical domain, the post hoc tests showed better QL in SAH groups compared to the others. Conclusions: The patients with SAH showed better general QL. The psychological domain was the least affected and the environment domain was the most affected.Resumo Introdução: Hipertensão (HAS) e diabetes mellitus (DM) são agravos cujo controle é sensível a medidas de promoção e prevenção, no entanto interferem na qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivos: Avaliar a QV em idosos com HAS e DM e comparar o impacto na QV entre esses grupos. Método: Utilizou-se como metodologia um estudo seccional de base domiciliar, cujos dados foram coletados por meio de questionário com informações sociodemográficas, clínicas e de QV, por meio do WhoQol-Bref, e analisados por meio do software SPSS. Resultados: Foram avaliados 498 idosos, 9,64% com DM, 53,21% com HAS e 37,15% com ambos os agravos. A maioria era mulher (66,9%) entre 60 e 69 anos (49,4%), parda (61,6%), com nove a doze anos de estudo (53%), renda familiar abaixo de dois salários mínimos (48,6%), casada (52,8%) e 18,9% era polifármaca. Houve diferença entre os grupos (HAS, DM ou ambos) no domínio físico (p=0,003) e relações sociais (p=0,017). No domínio físico os testes post hoc apontaram melhor QV no grupo HAS em relação aos demais (p<0,05). Conclusões: Os pacientes com HAS apresentaram melhor QV geral. O domínio psicológico foi o menos afetado, e o domínio meio ambiente, o que mais sofreu impacto.