New diagnostic tools in bladder cancer

Abstract

Bladder cancer is the eleventh most common malignancy worldwide and carries high morbidity and mortality. For its diagnosis, multiple imaging tools such as CT urography and cystoscopy, which remain the gold standard to this day, have been used. A narrative review was performed in multiple databases (Medline, Scopus, ScienceDirect). Photodynamic diagnosis, as well as tomography bladder reconstruction for virtual cystoscopy, are diagnostic methods that have been introduced more recently. Likewise, contrast ultrasound and particularly bladder multiparametric MRI with the VI-RADS classification have been proposed as novel alternatives. The latter could end up changing the diagnostic paradigm, however, more studies are required to recommend their widespread use, which would still be limited by their availability.