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CO2, δo2/N2 and APO: Observations from the Lutjewad, Mace Head and F3 platform flask sampling network

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (2010) 10(21) 10691-10704
DOI: 10.5194/acp-10-10691-2010
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Abstract

We report results from our atmospheric flask sampling network for three European sites: Lutjewad in the Netherlands, Mace Head in Ireland and the North Sea F3 platform. The air samples from these stations are analyzed for their CO2 and O2 concentrations. In this paper we present the CO2 and O2 data series from these sites between 1998 and 2009, as well as the atmospheric potential oxygen (APO). The seasonal pattern and long term trends agree to a large extent between our three measurement locations. We however find a changing gradient between Mace Head and Lutjewad, both for CO2 and O2. To explain the potential contribution of fossil fuel emissions to this changing gradient we use an atmospheric transport model in combination with CO2 emission data and information on the fossil fuel mix per region. Using the APO trend from Mace Head we obtain an estimate for the global oceanic CO2 uptake of 1.8 ± 0.8 PgC/year. © 2010 Author(s).

Figures

  • Fig. 1. Location of the three stations from which the flasks have been sampled: Lutjewad, Mace Head and F3. Also shown are the locations of other European measurements which are used for comparison. These are: Ochsenkopf (OXK), Bialystok (BIK), Shetland Islands (SIS), Zotino (ZOT), Puy de Dôme (PUY) and Jungfraujoch (JFJ).
  • Fig. 2. The global distribution of the oxidative ratios from fossil fuel combustion (a) and the regional distribution at our sampling locations in more detail (b) (Steinbach et al., 2010). These are the emissions based fossil fuel ORs per grid cell and are used as an input in the used regional model study. White grid cells indicate that no data is available in the EDGAR database. For Lutjewad the average of the two grid cells just below the actual position has therefore been used in this paper.
  • Fig. 3. Observations of the atmospheric O2 (lighter circles) an CO2 (darker squares) concentrations at station Lutjewad (a), Mace Head (b) and F3 (c) during 1998–2009, based on flask measurements (and continuous measurements for F3). The fits through the data points are a combination of a three harmonic function and a linear trend.
  • Fig. 4. Trend fits of CO2 (a) and O2 (b) at Lutjewad (solid black line), Mace Hea (dashed black i e) and F3 (solid blue lin ) during 1998–2009, based o flask measurements (and continuous measurem nts for F3). The fits are a li ar combi ation of a three harmonic function and a linear trend thro gh the data points (in Fig. 3). The CO2 tre ds of the t ree meas rement locations ar shown in comparison to the CO2 background reference concentration according to GLOBALVIEW-CO2 (2008) (solid grey line) at latitude 53 ◦ N. The increasing gradients between Mace Head and Lutjewad are visible for both CO2 and δO2/N2.
  • Table 1. CO2 and O2 trend and seasonality based on the fit of the data sets from each measurement site: Lutjewad, Mace Head and F3. The used fit is a linear combination of a linear trend and a 3-harmonic seasonal component.
  • Fig. 5. he de-trended se sonal patterns of CO2 and O2 at station Lutjewad (black solid line), Mace Head (black dashed line) and F3 (blue solid line) during 1998–2009, based on flask measurements (and continuous measurements for F3).
  • Table 2. CO2, δO2/N2 and APO trend and seasonality from Lutjewad and Mace Head flask samples and for F3 from a combination of flask samples and continuous observations in comparison to observations from other European measurement locations. The error bars for the trends and amplitudes presented in this work are given in Table 1.
  • Fig. 6. Observations of the Atmospheric Potential Oxygen (APO) at station Lutjewad (a), Mace Head (b) and F3 (c) during 1998– 2009, based on flask measurements (and continuous measurements for F3). The fits through the data points are a combination of a three harmonic function and a linear trend.

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APA

Van Der Laan-Luijkx, I. T., Karstens, U., Steinbach, J., Gerbig, C., Sirignano, C., Neubert, R. E. M., … Meijer, H. A. J. (2010). CO2, δo2/N2 and APO: Observations from the Lutjewad, Mace Head and F3 platform flask sampling network. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10(21), 10691–10704. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10691-2010

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