Renormalization group aspects of graphene

Abstract

Graphene is a two-dimensional crystal of carbon atoms with fascinating electronic and morphological properties. The low-energy excitations of the neutral, clean system are described by a massless Dirac Hamiltonian in (2 + 1) dimensions, which also captures the main electronic and transport properties. A renormalization group analysis sheds light on the success of the free model: owing to the special form of the Fermi surface that reduces to two single points in momentum space, short-range interactions are irrelevant and only gauge interactions such as long-range Coulomb or effective disorder can play a role in the low-energy physics. We review these features and briefly discuss other aspects related to disorder and to the bilayer material along the same lines. © 2011 The Royal Society.