An Energy Management System for Light Two-Wheeled Vehicles Based on a Smartphone-in-the-Loop Architecture

Abstract

This paper presents an active energy-saving strategy for two-wheeled electric vehicles, based on an innovative Energy Management System (EMS). In particular, a novel model-based EMS is proposed, which aims at reducing the energy consumption on board by actively modifying the driving-style in real-time. The proposed EMS is capable of tracking a desired discharge rate by means of speed and acceleration controllers that alter the vehicle dynamics conforming to the high-level energy control policies. Simulation and experimental results prove the feasibility of the proposed approach.