Prevalence and associated factors of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Jakarta, Indonesia

Abstract

Objective: We aimed to investigate the prevalence of depressive symptoms among people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in a large HIV treatment facility in Jakarta, Indonesia, and to assess associated factors. Methods: The Indonesian version of Beck Depression Inventory-II was used to assess depressive symptoms of 346 participants visiting the HIV Integrated Clinic Cipto Mangunkusumo hospital between June and November 2018. Results: Depressive symptoms (BDI-II score ≥14) were exhibited by 50.9% of participants, with prevalences of mild, moderate and severe depression of 30.4%, 15.6% and 4.9%, respectively. Poisson regression with robust variance analysis indicated that having lower income (aPR = 1.38, 95% CI 1.12–1.63), duration of ART for 1–5 years (aPR = 1.25, 95% CI 1.01–1.54) and same-sex partnership (aPR = 1.27, 95% CI 1.02–1.58) were positively associated with depressive symptoms. Age, sex and history of using intravenous drugs, and ART-based regimen were not associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Depressive symptoms were common among our population despite long-term ART use and were associated with having low-income, ART for 1–5 years and same-sex partnership.