Obstetric outcome among women with unexplained infertility after IVF: A matched case-control study

Abstract

Background: Infertility itself and also assisted reproductive treatment increase the incidence of some obstetric complications. Women with unexplained infertility are reported to be at an increased risk of intrauterine growth restriction during pregnancy, but not for other perinatal complications. Methods: A matched case-control study was performed on care during pregnancy and delivery, obstetric complications and infant perinatal outcomes of 107 women with unexplained infertility, with 118 clinical pregnancies after IVF or ICSI treatment. These resulted in 90 deliveries; of these, 69 were singleton, 20 twin and one triplet. Two control groups were chosen from the Finnish Medical Birth Register, one group for spontaneous pregnancies (including 445 women and 545 children), matched according to maternal age, parity, year of birth, mother's residence and number of children at birth, and the other group for all pregnancies after IVF, ICSI or frozen embryo transfer treatment (FET) during the study period (including 2377 women and 2853 children). Results: Among singletons, no difference was found in the mean birthweight, and the incidence of low birthweight (<2500 g) was comparable with that of the control groups. No differences were found in gestational duration, major congenital malformations or perinatal mortality among the groups studied. Among singletons in the study group, there were more term breech presentations (10.1%) compared with both spontaneously conceiving women and all IVF women (P < 0.01). The rate of pregnancy-induced hypertension was significantly lower among singletons in the study group (P < 0.05) compared with other IVF singletons. The multiple pregnancy rate was 23.3% in the study group. The obstetric outcome of the IVF twins was similar to both control groups. Conclusions: The overall obstetric outcome among couples with unexplained infertility treated with IVF was good, with similar outcome compared with spontaneous pregnancies and IVF pregnancies generally.