Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Treatment

Abstract

Women who undergo treatment for breast cancer are at lifelong risk for developing breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL) in the breast, trunk, and upper extremity on the affected side. BCRL is characterized by an accumulation of protein-rich lymph fluid in the interstitial tissues resulting from impairments to the lymphatic system caused by surgery or radiation. BCRL may be accompanied by a variety of symptoms, including arm tightness, heaviness, fullness, impaired function, and pain. Accordingly, BCRL is one of the most feared complications of survivorship among women who have been treated for breast cancer. Advances in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment over the last few decades have allowed for increased attention on understanding and mitigating the side effects of treatment. Such research efforts have provided insight on the risk factors, impact on quality of life, and natural history of BCRL. Moreover, in recent years, there has been increasing emphasis on the importance of screening for BCRL following treatment for breast cancer.