High leg salvage rate after infrainguinal bypass surgery for ischemic tissue loss (Fontaine IV) is compromised by the short life expectancy

Abstract

Background and Aims: Most studies analysing the prognosis of infrainguinal bypass surgery (IBS) in patients with critical leg ischemia (CLI) have combined the outcome of patients with rest pain and tissue loss. The aim of the present study was to evaluate amputation-free survival (AFS) after IBS in patients with the most advanced form of peripheral arterial disease, CLI with tissue loss (Fontaine IV), and to analyse the risk factors for an adverse outcome. Patients and Methods: 636 patients with CLI and tissue loss who underwent unilateral IBS between January 2000 and December 2006 at our institution were included in this retrospective study. Results: At one year, the leg salvage, survival and amputation-free survival rates were 83%, 71% and 55%, respectively, and at five years 76%, 38% and 30%, respectively. In univariate analysis, diabetes was associated with decreased AFS. In multivariate analysis, age, coronary artery disease, chronic pulmonary disease, gangrene and renal insufficiency were independent risk factors for decreased AFS. Conclusion: Infrainguinal bypass grafting results in a high rate of leg salvage. Amputation- free survival was low during the follow-up due to the high mortality of patients with CLI and tissue loss. Several co-morbidities of the CLI patients were associated with decreased amputation-free survival.