Impacts of invasive species in the laurentian great lakes

Abstract

The Laurentian Great Lakes are subject to numerous anthropogenic perturbations, among which invasive species are notable. Sequential invasions of non-indigenous species have had profound effects within the basin’s ecosystems. Invasive species have altered ecosystem functioning, trophic dynamics, and nutrient cycling. They have similarly been implicated in affecting contaminant dynamics, including their transport and bioaccumulation. This work is a regional synthesis of aquatic invasive species-induced changes to ecosystem functioning in the Great Lakes and their tributaries. We have highlighted several species whose impacts on legacy contaminant, nutrient, and food web dynamics in these lakes have been particularly strong. Profiled species included filter feeders [zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussels (D. rostriformis bugensis)], a fish [round goby (Neogobius melanostomus)], and two invasive plants [common reed (Phragmites australis) and cattail (Typha spp.)]. Collectively, these species showcase invasive species’ ecosystem-wide effects. The Great Lakes have a long invasion history. Despite extensive research efforts, complex food web interactions and synergies between invasive species and concomitant stressors can obscure causality. These interactions underscore the need for long-term, spatially resolved studies to understand invasive species’ direct and indirect effects on invaded ecosystems.