Green Technologies for Restoration of Damaged Ecosystem

Abstract

Different industrial, mining, agricultural and domestic activities produce a huge amount of wastes as by-products, which contaminate soil, surface water, and groundwater and cause ecological problems. Natural and traditional techniques are not very much sufficient to manage such type of pollutants/contaminants. The most affected area of environment is soil that indirectly affects biological interaction between plants and microorganisms. There is a need of highly eco-friendly approach to remove and manage such pollutants. Phytoremediation is a technique which remediates the contaminated site with and by the environmental phenomenon. Plants are the main tool of remediation in this technique. Phytoremediation includes the plant-mediated remediation of pollutants, like metal, organic, and hazardous wastes by its subclasses phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, phytoextraction, etc. This chapter includes all the phytoremediation techniques used to treat different types of contaminant site. It is an environment-friendly green technique which focused on the combined use of more than one phytoremediation approach for the successful remediation of the polluted area under field conditions.