The administration of psychotropic medication to children ages 0-4 in North Carolina: an exploratory analysis.

Abstract

BACKGROUND: The increasing use of psychotropic medication among preschool children raises concern because there are insufficient clinical guidelines and possible disparities. METHODS: This study explored published administrative data (2007-2006) on the receipt of psychotropic medication by North Carolina Medicaid enrollees ages 0-4 by mental health catchment area. Quarterly prevalence statistics were examined and potential predictors of receipt were identified for future study. RESULTS: During the study period the state's quarterly prevalence ranged from 2.3 to 3.0 recipients per 1,000 enrollees (range in catchment areas: 0.5 to 9.8). The state rate peaked at 3.0 in the third quarter of 2002 and at 2.9 in the third quarter of 2004. LIMITATIONS: The data are aggregated to a large area level and limited to Medicaid enrollees. The small number of catchment areas (36) limits the utility of statistical associations. CONCLUSIONS: Prevalence rates are high enough to deserve further exploration. Geographic variation exists. Psychotropic medication prescriptions for preschool children should be included as the state's mental health practitioners, policymakers, and planners discuss the service system and the mental health of children in our communities.