Effect of a short-term infusion with soybean oil-based lipid emulsion on phagocytic responses of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes

Abstract

Background: The use of soybean oil-based lipid emulsion (SO-based LE) in parenteral nutrition has been reported to impair neutrophil functions in humans and rodents. As yet, little is understood about the effects of SO-based LE on canine immune responses. Hypothesis: A short-term infusion with SO-bascd LE affects the phagocytic responses of canine peripheral blood polymorphonuclear neutrophilic leukocytes (PMNs). Animals: Twenty-four healthy Beagle dogs. Methods: Experimental study. Dogs were randomly assigned into groups of six and administered a 2-hour IV infusion with 0.9% NaCl solution or sufficient SO-based LE (INTRALIPOS 20%) to supply 40, 100, and 200% of the basal energy requirement (BER). PMN functions were determined after collecting blood samples before, immediately after, and 24 hours after the infusion. Results: None of the treatments significantly affected the phagocytic capacity of PMNs or circulating leukocyte numbers. The infusion providing 200% of BERs significantly reduced PMN oxidative burst activity, filamentous actin polymerization, and Cdc42 Rho guanosine triphosphatase activity immediately after its delivery. However, these functions were restored to preinfusion values 24 hours after the infusion. The lower calorie infusions did not have these effects. Conclusions and Clinical Importance: These results suggest that short-term infusions with a supraphysiological dose of SO-based LE may decrease the immune functions of canine PMNs. However, more long-term studies will be needed to extrapolate the effect of SO-based LE with clinically relevant doses in a practical situation. © 2008 by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine.