Health education in primary care: Approaches and strategies envisaged in public health policies

Abstract

This study analyzed the health education strategies described in the formulation of public policies using document analysis and drawing on the following approaches to health education as a frame of reference: preventive; informed choice; personal development; radical; and popular health education. We identified three categories that demarcate the analysis: preventive approaches focused on the individual; the radical approach and macro determinants of health; and strategies to encourage autonomy and public participation. The findings show that various approaches employing interactive and complementary education strategies were present in the policies analyzed by the study, together with guidelines for strengthening autonomy and public participation. Despite their limitations, the policies show similarities and complement each other, providing tools for everyday practice. Current regressive politics signal the need to review education strategies and their impact on health.