Biomarkers of sarcopenia and mitochondrial dysfunction

Abstract

Research over the last 20 years has led to a new understanding of the central role of mitochondrial function in the physiology of aging and the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases. Sarcopenia, the gradual loss of skeletal muscle mass, is the most vivid result of the progressive, global decline in mitochondrial DNA and energy production. This deterioration in cellular bioenergetics is implicated in many diseases such as heart failure and diabetes. It carries a significant economic burden, and portends decreased functional capacity and increased mortality. This chapter reviews recent research on emerging biomarkers to better diagnose mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia.