Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) Epidemiology and Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile Isolated from Different Clinical Samples in Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus is a versatile bacterium that causes a wide range of diseases in humans and animals. Objective: To determine the occurrence and antibiotic sensitivity profiles of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates directly from the clinical samples. Methods: Individuals from various subgroups of the District Peshawar provided three different clinical specimens that are pus, body fluids and blood. Plasma, Macconkey and Cysteine Lactose Electrolyte Deficient agar (CLED) agar were used to prepare each specimen in the usual method. Gram staining test, catalase, and coagulase were used to identify and confirm S. aureus. The conventional "Kirby-Bauer disc" diffusion method was used to confirm MRSA antibiotic resistance patterns to several antibiotics. Results: A maximum of 750 diagnostic samples were evaluated and 50 (6.37%) were found to be positive for MRSA, with 33 (72%) coming from pus samples, 9 (19%) from fluid samples, and 6 (12%) from blood samples. Males had a higher prevalence of MRSA strains (69%) than females (31%). Most MRSA strains were completely resistant to different type of antibiotics e.g. penicillin, oxacillin, and ampicillin, while remaining completely susceptible to linezolid, teicoplanin, & vancomycin. Other anti-microbials to which MRSA strains were resistant are ceftriaxone (78.88%), cefoxitin (65.55%), erythromycin (83.33%), clindamycin (72.22%), co-amoxiclav (76.66%), fusidic acid (67.77%), and gentamycin (83.33%) (74.4%). Conclusions: This study found that the frequency of MRSA in Pakhtunkhwa is lower in comparison to that reported in other regions of Pakistan. Moreover, because MRSA is multi-drug-resistant, culture sensitivity testing should be conducted to determine the best antibiotic to use to treat MRSA infection