Leaf extract of artocarpus altilis [park.] fosberg has potency as antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and immunosuppressant

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory of ethanolic extract of the leaf, fruit, and bark from breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis [Park.] Fosberg) which is traditionally used for the treatment of inflammation-related diseases. Ethanolic extract of these compounds at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses was orally administered in chronic inflammatory rats induced by Freund's Complete Adjuvant for 14 days to investigate their in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. The maximum percentage of inflammation, serum levels of peroxide radicals, and liver superoxide dismutase activity were observed, and in vitro antioxidant was measured by using the scavenging of nitric oxide and 2, 2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals methods. Also, immunomodulatory activity was evaluated in mice by the relative weight of lymphoid organs, phagocytic index, delayed-type hypersensitivity response, and haemagglutinin titer. The highest total phenolic and flavonoid content is in the leaf extract. Administration of leaf extracts Artocarpus altilis at 200 mg/kg dose showed a significant reduction in inflammation, decreased serum peroxide levels, and increased the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (p <0.05) compared to untreated rats. All three extracts also indicated in vitro antioxidant activity, with the leaf extract, was the most significant (p<0.05). The immunosuppressive effect of the leaf extract in the non-specific and specific immune system was proven significant at 200 mg/kg dose. This result indicated that A. altilis leaf extract significantly revealed anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and immunosuppressant activities at 200 mg/kg.