FUNDAMENTALS OF URBAN PLANNING ORGANIZATION OF ENERGYEFFICIENT ECOLOGICAL SETTLEMENTS TAKING INTO ACCOUNT ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDICATORS

Abstract

The article considers the basics of urban planning organization of energy-efficient ecological settlements (hereinafter - EEP) taking into account energy efficiency indicators, since the organization of these urban planning formations is a multifaceted process that is associated with various factors that are considered in various scientific fields.  Energy-efficient ecological settlements - can become one of the options for a comfortable ecological and energy-saving living environment (ensuring the necessary microclimatic conditions in buildings, using natural technologies in lighting and ventilation, sustainable construction of low-rise, semi-underground and underground construction, application of natural architecture techniques, selection of local and ecological materials, assessment of the life cycle of the building, provision of alternative energy sources), which can become a full-fledged living space with all the necessary conditions, starting from providing people with homes, ending with places of work.  The main aspects of the development of energy-efficient ecological settlements have been identified, including: - the aspect of the functional organization of the territory, taking into account orientation according to the sides of the world, landscape assessment of the territory, etc.;  - aspect of permaculture design; - landscape and composition aspect; - the aspect of ecological and autonomous construction (use of natural or recycled materials, design of an energy-saving building form); - the aspect of independence from energy resources (solar energy, wind energy, geothermal energy, wave energy and biomass); - aspect of water resources management (complex system of drinking water management and management of reclaimed water for irrigation and toilets, rainwater storage system, biological wastewater treatment system, flood control system). - aspect of waste utilization and recycling (processing of solid household waste, composting of organic and human waste, used as biogas for obtaining energy and fertilizers for agriculture); - the aspect of rational planning of transport links and the road-trail network for the use of ecological transport; - aspect of socio-economic development (eco-industry, tourism, educational programs and community values). A unified structural model of EEP design has been developed. The unified structural model is a brief description of the stages of design (sequence of actions – algorithm) for further design, which includes four stages: Stage I – determination of the territory as an EEP, Stage II – determination of EEP factors, Stage III – analysis of initial data for further design, IV stage – design of EEP. Based on the results of the research, the stages of urban planning organization of energy-efficient ecological settlements were revealed, taking into account energy efficiency indicators (on the example of the Kharkiv region), which are presented in the form of detailed schemes.