Extreme maternal morbidity and mortality in a regional hospital in South Africa

Abstract

Introduction: Surveillance of severe maternal morbidity and mortality helps to assess the state of maternal health in different countries. Objective: To characterize extreme maternal morbidity and maternal mortality in a regional hospital in South Africa. Method: Cross-sectional descriptive study at Tshilidzini Hospital in South Africa for 3 years with a universe of 145 cases of morbidity and 21 maternal deaths that also intentionally constituted the sample. Data were collected using a form and maternal health indicators were calculated using descriptive measures and inferential tests for statistical analysis. Results: There was greater morbidity in adolescents (30,3%) and mortality in elderly women (28,6%), without differences in the place of origin; eclampsia (35,9%), severe preeclampsia (23,4%) and postpartum hemorrhage (19,3%) were the main causes of morbidity; thus, postpartum hemorrhage (42,9%) and severe infections (28,6%) of mortality, and hypovolemic shock (23,8%), acute respiratory distress syndrome (19%) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (14,3%) the most frequent final causes. Extreme maternal morbidity ratio and adverse maternal outcome was 8,4 and 9,6 per 1000 live births respectively; the maternal mortality ratio 121,1 per 100,000 live births, the morbidity / mortality ratio 6,9: 1 and the mortality index 12,7%. Conclusions: The preeclampsia-eclampsia, obstetric hemorrhage and severe infections were the main causes of morbidity and mortality, all mostly preventable and leading to unfavorable indicators of maternal health.