Future Approaches for Anesthesia in Congenital Cardiac Surgery and Interventional Procedures

Abstract

With emerging advances in congenital heart surgery and interventional pediatric cardiology, the demand for cardiac anesthesia in pediatric and adult patients has increased over the past decade. New complex surgical techniques and minimally invasive interventional approaches in children with an increasing morbidity have led to greater challenges for anesthesiologists. The aim of this chapter is to highlight new and safer approaches, describe evolving devices, and suggest modern techniques for the anesthetic management of pediatric and adult patients with congenital heart disease (CHD). This chapter should encourage the support of new innovations and inspire further research in the field.