Label Verbalization and Entailment for Effective Zero- and Few-Shot Relation Extraction

Abstract

Relation extraction systems require large amounts of labeled examples which are costly to annotate. In this work we reformulate relation extraction as an entailment task, with simple, hand-made, verbalizations of relations produced in less than 15 minutes per relation. The system relies on a pretrained textual entailment engine which is run as-is (no training examples, zero-shot) or further fine-tuned on labeled examples (few-shot or fully trained). In our experiments on TACRED we attain 63% F1 zero-shot, 69% with 16 examples per relation (17% points better than the best supervised system on the same conditions), and only 4 points short of the state-of-the-art (which uses 20 times more training data). We also show that the performance can be improved significantly with larger entailment models, up to 12 points in zero-shot, giving the best results to date on TACRED when fully trained. The analysis shows that our few-shot systems are especially effective when discriminating between relations, and that the performance difference in low data regimes comes mainly from identifying no-relation cases.