Efectividad simbiótica de dos cepas de Rhizobium sp. en cuatro variedades de frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) en Perú

Abstract

Legumes are a large group of important plants worldwide that can enter in symbiosis with a bacteria called rhizobia, which settle the atmospheric nitrogen converting it into available organic forms for plant use. The symbiotic effectiveness of two Rhizobium sp. strains LMT 10 and LMT15, an indigenous soil strain, and an N-fertilization rate of 100 kg N. ha–1 (nitrogen sources) were evaluated on four commercial common bean varieties (Canario Centenario, Canario CIFAC, Blanco Molinero, and Rojo Molinero). The varieties with the highest yields were Blanco Molinero (2,636 kg ha–1) and Canario Centenario (2523 kg. ha–1). A significant interaction of bean variety by nitrogen source was found for pod number per plant (p < 0.05) and harvest index (p < 0.01), where the best treatment was Canario Centenario with N-fertilization (3,062 kg ha–1), 21.44 pods per plant and 64.97% harvest index respectively. Although there were no statistical differences between the nitrogen sources, the strains showed high symbiotic effectiveness and high specificity of the strains. The inoculated treatments reached 90% of the yields obtained with the nitrogen fertilizers revealing their potential use in sustainable agriculture.