Purification of (1→3)-β-glucan endohydrolase isoenzyme II from germinated barley and determination of its primary structure from a cDNA clone

Abstract

A (1→3)-β-D-glucan 3-glucanonydrolase (EC 3.2.1.39) of apparent Mr 32 000, designated GII, has been purified from germinated barley grain and characterized. The isoenzyme is resolved from a previously purified isoenzyme (GI) on the basis of differences in their isoelectric points; (1→3)-β-glucanases GI and GII have pI values of 8.6 and ≥ 10.0, respectively. Comparison of the sequences of their 40 NH2-terminal amino acids reveals 68% positional identity. A 1265 nucleotide pair cDNA encoding (1→3)-β-glucanase isoenzyme GII has been isolated from a library prepared with mRNA of 2-day germinated barley scutella. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA has enabled the complete primary structure of the 306 amino acid (1→3)-β-glucanase to be deduced, together with that of a putative NH2-terminal signal peptide of 28 amino acid residues. The (1→3)-β-glucanase cDNA is characterized by a high (G+C) content, which reflects a strong bias for the use of G or C in the wobble base position of codons. The amino acid sequence of the (1→3)-β-glucanase shows highly conserved internal domains and 52% overall positional identity with barley (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanase isoenzyme EII, an enzyme of related but quite distinct substrate specificity. Thus, the (1→3)-β-glucanases, which may provide a degree of protection against microbial invasion of germinated barley grain through their ability to degrade fungal cell wall polysaccharides, appear to share a common evolutionary origin with the (1→3, 1→4)-β-glucanases, which function to depolymerize endosperm cell walls in the germinated grain. © 1989 Kluwer Academic Publishers.